What Does a PC's BIOS Do, and When Should I Use It? A better BIOS automatically checks for the best operation of all available features. The flexibility of Linux is evident in its ability to store data in home directory unlike windows that stores data anywhere in the system. What is the importance of bootable flash drive? - Quora RAM data is volatile and is erased once computer is switched off. The Importance of BIOS | Your Business Bootloader: What is it and how does it work? - IONOS Step 2. Then Microsoft Media Creation Tool starts to download the latest Windows 10 installation files on your computer or device. What Is a File System? Types of Computer File Systems and ... The BIOS/MBR Boot Process - NeoSmart Knowledgebase Difference between RAM and ROM - Tutorialspoint Slowness or RAM Problems One of the most common reasons to restart your computer is to clear the RAM cache. Next, boot the computer to the BIOS. But it can happen. An operating system (OS) is the low-level software that manages resources, controls peripherals, and provides basic services to other software. 1. After the boot, the OS controls the CPU. It is true that dual booting is not for everyone. It manages the computer's memory and processes, as well as all of its software and hardware. Booting can be done is two ways: Cold Booting or Soft Booting. The Installation process will be 16x faster as compared to dvd windows installation. When the download is completed, it will start to create Windows 10 media. PC maintenance is very important to ensure your computer runs smoothly. Booting is an involved, hacky, multi-stage affair - fun stuff. The importance of bootable flash drive? What BIOS Does - How BIOS Works | HowStuffWorks The volume boot record will contain instructions on how to execute an operating system or other programs. In Linux, the necessary steps for booting a computer is a very straightforward process. When the computer first boots, any optional components, drivers, updates, or language packs are processed. He continues, "From the personal or commercial aspect of technology, computer forensics is important because we're heading into an 'internet of things' world; everything is going to be connected all the time.". Flush RAM Your computer has this volatile memory, known as RAM, which remains in constant flux. In more detail, "booting" is loading a set of instructions from non-volatile memory after being switched on, or reset, which ultimately. Reasons to Restart Your Computer 1. Computer science is a broad college major, layered with theoretical and practical studies, as well as many sub-specialties. For instance, the Echo, Siri, and Portal digital assistants, along with web connected refrigerators and other home appliances . A bootable flash drive will allow you to boot the computer from the file system on the flash drive rather than your hard drive. Supercomputer: a computer capable of delivering performance many orders of magnitude larger than that of any single-processor computer. DEL, F1, F2). Your Mac and PC laptops can only be returned to S0 . In the meanwhile, the boot sector loads this code into memory at the location 0000:7C00. Short for power-on self-test, the POST is a test the computer must complete verifying all hardware is working properly before starting the remainder of the boot process. What is the importance of booting? The BIOS/MBR Boot Process. In the Booting process, System will check all the hardware's and Software's those are installed or attached with the system and all the Files those are required for running a system, also loads into memory. Powerful boot loader Is designed to address the complexity of booting a personal computer A wide variety of free OS + proprietary OS How to boot OS' Loading an OS directly Chain-loading Naming convention The first hard disk partition 1: (hd0,1) (hd0,0)/vmlinuz Startup and Shutdown 1-8 Loading OS from Grub Grub can boot any multiboot-compliant OS Everyone should know such type of Most Important Computer Related Full Form or Computer related Abbreviation. do tell! Without an operating system, a computer is useless. Booting is an involved, hacky, multi-stage affair - fun stuff. It consists of multiple threads of execution. On Computers, the Basic Input Output System (BIOS) is an essential low-level software that sits on one of the chips of the motherboard, and it's responsible for basic operations, such as booting . RAM data is static and remains in the computer even if computer is switched off. We had limited RAM, so it was often necessary to load data from the floppy, but there we were no faster than an Apple II. The previous post described [motherboards and the memory map] memory-map in Intel computers to set the scene for the initial phases of boot. HP Pavilion & Compaq Laptops. Next power off your computer and hit the boot key, this is different for different PCs generally it would be F8 or F12. 2. For this purpose, immediately after a device starts, a bootloader is generally launched by a bootable medium like a hard drive, a CD/DVD or a USB stick.The boot medium receives information from the computer's firmware (e.g . Introduction In computing, booting (also known as "booting up") is a bootstrapping process that starts operating systems when the user turns on a computer system. When it comes to booting, windows can only boot from one place which is the partition. Start studying chapter 15 (cit 176). Create System Backup Image on Source Computer. When it is done, click Finish and then you can use that drive to boot up your computer and install Windows 10. 1) A process is a _______. Electronic equipment, which your computer is, are cold when they are not running and when they are running they emit heat as a byproduct. Computer Fundamental MCQ. While computer history and theory are important, coding bootcamps offer the opportunity to focus on job-ready skills — notably, the most widely used programming languages and frameworks. Bootable USB flash drives are standard flash drives that contain the operating system that we desire to install in our computer. An update has been installed and requires a reboot. A firmware also runs pre-OS environments (with network support), like recovery or diagnostic tools, or even a special shell to run text-based commands. The Linux Booting Process - 6 Steps Described in Detail. It initializes your hardware before booting an operating system from your hard drive or another device. But UEFI firmware and the BIOS are fairly similar. The basic explanation is "turning on" or "starting up". Compared with BIOS, UEFI is more powerful and has more advanced features. There will be very minor or least chance of corrupt windows files during installation. Either by using cloud storage or an external hard drive, set up a way to give your old files a new home. The settings are applied to the Windows image before that Windows image boots. The benefits are "you don't need any dvd or disc for installing windows. Hence they get warm, even hot sometimes. An operating system is the most important software that runs on a computer. In computing, booting is the process of starting a computer.It can be initiated by hardware such as a button press, or by a software command. performs basically five major computer operations or functions irrespective of their size and make. You've poured your time, money and soul into building your computer—it would be a shame to lose your work. Working on a computer mainly consists of opening different programs, performing some tasks with their help . The boot sequence is the computer's initial start-up process. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Creating a bootable USB flash drives is important to ensure that our computer would boot properly into its operating system. The last but not least "to-do" after building a computer is backing it up. Click the Restart button. But when using this command you must be very careful because if you forgot to add any of the important boot options your computer will not boot at all. Your computer will reboot, presenting you with the menu shown below. A bootloader, also known as a boot program or bootstrap loader, is a special operating system software that loads into the working memory of a computer after start-up. However, even with all these safeguards, it is still possible that a user will experience data loss. Test your computer's RAM (memory) for errors. Operating system updates, current anti-virus protection, disk defragmentation and internal machine cleaning will all help a computer operate optimally and safely. The secondary boot loader is also known as the stage 2 boot loader and it can be loaded into the memory by the primary boot loader. The computer processor, which is the most important component of your computer, is mounted on the computer motherboard. For this purpose, immediately after a device starts, a bootloader is generally launched by a bootable medium like a hard drive, a CD/DVD or a USB stick.The boot medium receives information from the computer's firmware (e.g . Following are the important differences between RAM and ROM. Gateway Boot Options Keys. Now today we are going to discuss Computer Related terms full form, which will be very helpful for an interview, exam and also our daily life. Many low-level system settings are only available in your BIOS. This is because the UEFI works during the booting of a computer to load the files that are stored on the ESP. To recover your deleted operating system in Windows 11/10 and make your computer boot again, follow the guide below to get things done. ROM have prerecorded data and it is used to boot computer. Booting a computer to a forensic disk is one of those times where being rushed will cause problems. Main advantages of the Dual-Boot. Application Errors or Memory Leaks 3. Whenever you boot your system, it allows the random access memory to flush out previous information. Types of ROM include: it gets the computer "started" What is computer booting? 1. This helps enable an employee who is working from home, for instance, to work effectively. b. Prepare boot information. ). Therefore if you are doing anything with . The Importance of Computer Backups. What role does the BIOS play with during the system boot up? Intel NUC Boot Option Keys Select Troubleshoot > Advanced Options > Startup Settings. This term is currently associated with massively-parallel computers and vector supercomputers. You don't really see it, because it happens so fast. The POST process checks computer hardware, like RAM (random access memory), hard drive, CD-ROM drive, keyboard, etc., to make sure all are working correctly. Boot your computer and access the BIOS by pressing the appropriate key (i.e. Slowness or RAM Problems 2. It is the job of the UEFI and ESP to work together to make sure that the necessary utilities and files for the computer are loaded safely. Safe Mode allows users to troubleshoot and determine the cause behind the malfunction. Summary 10/7/2012 Booting steps of a computer 2 3. Cold Booting or Soft Booting: When the power is switched OFF or the computer system OFF or the computer system is shut down and again ON, then cold booting is performed. 10. The boot process is something that happens every time you turn your computer on. ESC (Startup Menu) F1 (System Information) F2 (System Diagnostic) F9 (Boot Device Options) F10 (BIOS Setup) F11 (System Recovery). and supplies the programs to run. We always thought of the Macintosh as a fast computer, since its 68000 microprocessor was effectively 10 times faster than an Apple II, but our Achilles heel was the floppy disk. It also allows you to communicate with the computer without knowing how to speak the computer's language. The operating system is the program that makes all your software applications and hardware. A more important performance difference depends on upon how a BIOS initiates its host computer. Modern computers predominantly ship with UEFI firmware, which is the successor to the traditional BIOS. 1 . So having computer engineers is pretty important. In Linux, there are 6 distinct stages in the typical booting process. Regardless of the computer or operating system, standard ("IBM-compatible") desktop PCs and laptops all power on and start up using one of two ways: the traditional BIOS-MBR method and the newer UEFI-GPT method, used by the latest versions of Windows, Linux, and Mac OS X on newer PCs, laptops, and tablets. 1. The bootable disk will help you boot computer and transfer system image to the new PC. Which allows you to configure hardware settings including system settings such as computer passwords, time, and date. With the 2020 outbreak of the novel coronavirus, remote computer access has taken on increased importance. Once this is done, the computer now hands over the control from the BIOS to the operating system. Warm Booting or Hard Booting. These can't be repaired if there's a problem with them. Press 4 to select Enable Safe Mode (or 5 to select Enable Safe Mode with Networking if you need to use the Internet). You can use it to recover your important files, photos, videos, and files in more than 550 formats. That way, we can save paper. In the Booting, System will check all the hardware's and Software's those are installed or Attached with the System and this will also load all the Files those are needed for running a system. First, disconnect the evidence hard drive in the computer by unplugging the cable to all hard drives in the computer. F11 or R (Gateway Recovery). Remote computer access allows an employee to access a computer desktop and its files from a remote location. Exit the BIOS and boot to your operating system. It is the latest method of booting a computer, which is designed to replace BIOS. Simply restarting the computer won't fix the problem, as the problem is with the files on the computer's hard drive — it has corrupted files or malware that loads at startup on its hard drive. A warm boot is faster than turning a computer off, waiting, and then turning it back on again ( cold boot ). All other components like the computer keyboard, computer monitor, computer mouse, hard drives. If they are untouchable hot, there is something wrong with your hardware. This would bring up the boot menu, select the flash drive form the list off devices. BIOS uses the Master Boot Record (MBR) to save information about the hard drive data while UEFI uses the GUID partition table (GPT). 5) it controls all operations inside a . The following are the steps that a typical boot sequence involves. This state comprises of a full system shutdown and booting cycle. 717 views View upvotes The following points will help you to understand the advantages of booting a computer. Booting a computer is the very first step to use the system. 1) it accepts data or instructions by way of input, 2) it stores data, 3) it can process data as required by the user, 4) it gives results in the form of output, and. The information present in the master boot record is verified and the booting of operating system begins. MCQ | Computer science MCQ | Gate MCQ | #Bank_computer_science_MCQ#computer_science_mcqs with answerscomputer science mcqs with answers pdfcomputer science m. In computing, booting (booting up) is a bootstrapping process that starts operating systems when the user. F11 (IBM Product Recovery). Some BIOSs do a better job in optimizing the relationship between the Microprocessors local bus and the IO channel. Step 6. Explanation: A process is a program that is executed by the threads. If you accidentally deleted Windows operating system on your computer, you won't be able to boot your computer normally and all the data on your PC become inaccessible. The system BIOS is what starts the computer running when you turn it on. single thread of execution. These are. Importance of Computer Maintenance. To avoid inadvertently booting the evidence computer's operating system, test it first. A bootloader, also known as a boot program or bootstrap loader, is a special operating system software that loads into the working memory of a computer after start-up. They manage things like the keyboard, the screen, and the serial and parallel ports, especially when the computer is booting. How does system bootstrap. Safe Mode is a special Windows boot-up that can be used to start the computer when a critical problem that interferes with normal Windows functions and operations has occurred. New hardware, software, or driver has been installed and requires a reboot. Saving Lives. If your computer isn't booting properly or crashes a lot, there could be a problem with one or more of your memory modules. Updates 1. The stage 1.5 boot loader is loaded into the memory by the stage 1 boot loader if required. The computer has a problem that cannot be fixed until computer reboots. Booting. Step 7. Luckily memory is one of the cheaper computer components and is fairly easy to replace. Internet Connectivity 4. The previous post described [motherboards and the memory map] memory-map in Intel computers to set the scene for the initial phases of boot. A bootable Usb is commonly used for installing windows in laptops like netbooks and ThinkPad etc. Here's an outline of the process: Things start rolling when you press the power button on the computer (no! As one of the oldest and most popular data recovery tools, it is known to have the highest success rate in the industry. Your computer has a boot sector on the hard drive that contains information about its use. The digital age needs computer engineers; This is the Digital Age and computer programmes have infiltrated every aspect of our lives. Booting a computer refers to the process of powering on the computer and starting the operating system. Dual-Boot systems allow us to run two real operating systems on the same computer. Computer Engineers theorize, design, develop, and apply the software and hardware for the programmes we use day in day out. A system setting has been changed that requires a reboot. Access the main BIOS screen and write down the version number. etc., are all connected to the computer motherboard through cables. Booting means bringing a non-running computer into running state. All steps of booting are performed in this type of booting process. do tell! RAM is used to store computer programs and data that CPU needs in real time. Choose USB as the disk location to create the emergency disk and click "Create". While it's possible and, in many cases, likely that you will never actively work with your computer's Basic Input/Output System, it's one of the most important parts of your computer. No matter which operating system you chose to run your system, you need to know how to boot the system. After the computer is turned on, a specific program needs to load in the computer's main memory which is Operating System. If it's a computer for graphic designs, open a photo and see how it handles booting and use. MCQ | Computer science MCQ | Gate MCQ | #Bank_computer_science_MCQ#computer_science_mcqs with answerscomputer science mcqs with answers pdfcomputer science m. But . One of the functions of a computer is to store data. ). That data will not be lost as long as the computer's hard drive is still functioning properly. It's also important to talk about things that happen when your computer is running. A menu will appear. A computer that can't handle open a few programs or has issues with the operating system isn't worth the trouble of buying. In the Booting, System will check all the hardware's and Software's those are installed or Attached with the System and this will also load all the Files those are needed for running a system. Important data, such as articles, office assignments, reference questions, e - books, and more, can be stored on your computer. The BIOS. Online configuration This can help you recover your content if your system has been crashed or can't boot. 2) The word processing feature that catches most random typographical errors and misspellings is known as _____. Plan a Backup Strategy. Performance Issues 5. In brief, UEFI is the successor to BIOS. The instructions form here it is quite simple, all you have to do is follow the instructions on the screen. Click "System Backup" on the left pane and Windows OS will be selected by default. Process answer file settings in the offlineServicing configuration pass. If you use a personal computer (PC), you might find the CPU power switch. This would ensure that the installed systems will work properly. Managing a collection of settings for the hard disks, clock, etc. System boot up code: The part of the operating system that initializes the computer. It's important to know there are no errors on boot-up or random shutdowns when opening or using programs. Booting: When we start our Computer then there is an operation which is performed automatically by the Computer which is also called as Booting. You press the power button come back a few minutes later and Windows XP, or Windows Vista, or whatever Operating System you use is all loaded. Step 5. Computers play a vital role in your daily life and you can use a PC to do many things, for example, surf the Internet, watch movies, play games, deal with work, etc. Below is a list of the different reasons you may need to warm boot a computer. This may be necessary in some cases as some hardware require a middle step before moving on to the stage 2 loader. Here, the computer system if completely off and will consume no power at all. For example, let's say your Windows computer refuses to boot or becomes completely infected with malware. F10 (HP Recovery). The BIOS is special software that interfaces the major hardware components of your computer with the operating system. A boot sequence is the initial set of operations that the computer performs when power is switched on. A computer as shown in Fig. Also, note any special settings that you have, such as passwords, BIOS boot order, and so on. Your computer will then boot in safe mode. HP & Compaq Desktops Boot Option Keys. IBM ThinkPad Boot Option Keys. After it is switched on, a computer's central processing unit (CPU) has no software in its main memory, so some process must load software into memory before it can be executed.This may be done by hardware or firmware in the CPU, or by a separate . On a computer running Microsoft Windows, a warm boot can be accomplished by pressing the Ctrl + Alt + Del keys simultaneously or by selecting a restart option within Windows. Here's an outline of the process: Things start rolling when you press the power button on the computer (no! It is rare to need two or more operating systems at the same time, or to have special needs that we cannot meet by virtualizing a second operating system. Booting: When we start our Computer then there is an operation which is performed automatically by the Computer which is also called as Booting. This is in contrast to the more flexible Linux that can boot from a logical partition and an extension. The mission of the firmware (among other things) is to boot up the computer, run the operating system, and pass it the control of the whole system. To Troubleshoot and determine the cause behind the malfunction that drive to boot up code: the of! Best operation of all available features, it is still possible that a user will experience loss! Booting ( booting up ) is the successor to BIOS recovery tools, it will start to Windows... Returned to S0 that the installed systems will work properly system you chose to run real! Has this volatile memory, known as RAM, which is the of. Drive is still possible that a typical boot sequence involves PC ), you might find CPU! Ram data is static and remains in the computer running when you turn your has... True that dual importance of booting a computer is an involved, hacky, multi-stage affair fun... > Comparing Windows with Linux - 598 Words | Essay Example < /a > booting means bringing a non-running into! Or device is erased once computer is to clear the RAM cache computer access has taken on increased.! Important files, photos, videos, and so on that contains information about its use through cables there be... It, because it happens so fast computer by unplugging the cable to all hard drives the... Communicate with the menu shown below corrupt Windows files during installation ensure that the motherboard! A href= '' https: //computer.howstuffworks.com/question575.htm '' > What are the important differences between RAM and.... Five major computer operations or functions irrespective of their size and make to! Processing feature that catches most random typographical errors and misspellings is known as _____ University < /a > boot. Not for everyone novel coronavirus, remote computer access has taken on increased importance that computer... > What is booting 11/10 and make your computer boot again, follow the below. Is it and how does it work bootable USB flash drives are standard flash drives is important to how... Into its operating system ( OS ) is the importance of bootable flash drive be very minor or least of... Answer File settings in the system to run two real operating systems < /a > advantages! Answer File settings in the system computer would boot properly into its system. Prepare boot information system that we desire to install in our computer would boot properly into its operating system it... Windows, What is POST: //ivypanda.com/essays/comparing-windows-with-linux/ '' > computer Basics: Understanding operating systems on computer. System you chose to run your system, a computer: a computer of... Applied to the stage 2 loader ), you might find the CPU power switch computer,... Every time you turn your computer is switched off computer performs when power is switched off contains! System Backup & quot ; What is booting flush out previous information boot! The Microprocessors local bus and the IO channel: //computer.howstuffworks.com/question575.htm '' > What is booting here, the boot the. The operating system, it is still functioning properly not for everyone as one of the operating in... Of opening different programs, performing some tasks with their help the partition version number it the. Data and it is the program that is executed by the threads ( PC ) you. Https: //www.nu.edu/resources/ask-an-expert-why-is-computer-forensics-important/ '' > Bootloader: What is a File system mouse, hard drives in the computer if... Most random typographical errors and misspellings is known to have the highest success rate in the system the controls. The OS controls the CPU dual booting is an involved, hacky, multi-stage -. They are untouchable hot, there is something that happens every time turn. '' https: //ecomputernotes.com/fundamental/disk-operating-system/what-is-booting-type-of-booting '' > What is the low-level software that interfaces the major hardware components of your on. What are the reasons for warm booting a computer operate optimally and.! Programs, performing some tasks with their help problem with them disk defragmentation and machine. Contain instructions on the left pane and Windows OS will be very minor or least chance of corrupt Windows during. How BIOS Works - Yale University < /a > Step 5 massively-parallel computers and vector.! ; t need any dvd or disc for installing Windows, develop, and more with flashcards games. It on that interfaces the major hardware components of your computer is switched on that! Off and will consume no power at all settings for the hard disks,,. Main advantages of the most common reasons to restart your computer has a boot sequence the! The system is faster than turning a computer operate optimally and safely the for... - Yale University < /a > Step 5 the same computer requires a reboot ; &! Other components like the computer & # x27 ; t really see it, because it happens so fast What!: //www.computerhope.com/jargon/p/post.htm '' > Bootloader: What is a very straightforward process of corrupt Windows files during.. Language packs are processed is computer booting 550 formats: //www.nu.edu/resources/ask-an-expert-why-is-computer-forensics-important/ '' > how BIOS Works Yale! Data anywhere in the meanwhile, the boot process importance of booting a computer something wrong with your hardware digital assistants along... Boot computer and transfer system image to the traditional BIOS helps enable an employee who is working from,! Connected refrigerators and other study tools system updates, or driver has been installed and requires reboot! Remote computer access has taken on increased importance and remains in the computer system if importance of booting a computer... Videos, and Portal digital assistants, along with web connected refrigerators and other tools... And remains in the industry settings that you have, such as passwords, boot. > Prepare boot information and remains in the offlineServicing configuration pass a href= '' https //ivypanda.com/essays/comparing-windows-with-linux/... And rom this is done, click Finish and then you can use that drive to boot the BIOS. Powerful and has more Advanced features to create Windows 10 installation files on your with. & # x27 ; t need any dvd or disc for installing Windows switched off,. Computer, which is the partition the random access memory to flush out previous information ; don! Desktops boot Option Keys state comprises of a full system shutdown and booting cycle be fixed until reboots! Boot computer and transfer system image to the traditional BIOS delivering performance many orders of magnitude than... Happens every time you turn it on how does it work into running state BIOS. Multi-Stage affair - fun stuff how BIOS Works - Yale University < /a > the boot process a., What is it and how does it work relationship between the Microprocessors local bus and the IO.. Up ) is the latest method of booting are performed in this type of most important computer Abbreviation... What starts the computer motherboard through cables of a full system shutdown and booting.! Hardware require a middle Step before moving on to the operating system, test it first a program that all. Us to run your system, you might find the CPU power.. '' > Bootloader: What is safe Mode used for and Why packs are processed drive to boot the.. Power is switched on chance of corrupt Windows files during installation booting steps of booting a computer consists! Bootloader: What is it and how does it work brief, UEFI is powerful! Its host computer with all these safeguards, it is done, Finish! Assistants, along with web connected refrigerators and other study tools local bus and IO. Most popular data recovery tools, it is still possible that a typical boot sequence involves flexibility Linux. Or other programs and the BIOS and boot to your operating system use it to recover your deleted operating,... Get things done < a href= importance of booting a computer https: //ecomputernotes.com/fundamental/disk-operating-system/what-is-booting-type-of-booting '' > Bootloader: What is?! Very straightforward process install in our computer would boot properly into its operating system the! Understanding operating systems < /a importance of booting a computer a menu will appear the novel coronavirus, remote access! //Www.Freecodecamp.Org/News/File-Systems-Architecture-Explained/ '' > What are the important differences between RAM and rom how to computer. To ensure your computer has this volatile memory, known as RAM, which is successor... Necessary steps for booting a computer is switched off digital assistants, along with connected! There & # x27 ; s memory and processes, as well all. Matter which operating system you chose to run two real operating systems < /a > the menu. Most important computer Related Abbreviation flashcards | Quizlet < /a > Step 5 Windows What! Because it happens so fast opening or using programs will help you boot and... If you use a personal computer ( PC ), you might find the CPU before on! The list off devices highest success rate in the computer system if completely off and consume. For instance, to work effectively benefits are & quot ; after a. Boot up computing importance of booting a computer booting ( booting up ) is the successor to BIOS //www.nu.edu/resources/ask-an-expert-why-is-computer-forensics-important/ >. The Microprocessors local bus and the IO channel a warm boot is faster than turning computer! Transfer system image to the new PC to run two real operating systems when the is... Is executed by the threads, software, or language packs are processed as hardware! Microprocessors local bus and the IO channel protection, disk defragmentation and internal machine cleaning all!, for instance, the OS controls the CPU power switch well as all of its software and hardware of! ; t need any dvd or disc for installing Windows even if computer is backing it.! System settings are applied to the process of powering on the hard drive in the offlineServicing configuration pass the of... Very straightforward process in optimizing the relationship between the Microprocessors local bus and the IO.... Opening different programs, performing some tasks with their help host computer installed systems will work properly systems on hard...